Family Child Care Environment Rating Scale-Revised Edition (FCCERS-R) — Developmentally Appropriate Practice (DAP) Statements
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Family Child Care Environment Rating Scale-Revised Edition (FCCERS-R)
Statements of Developmentally Appropriate Practice for items included on the Tennessee Child Care Evaluation Program Space and Furnishings for Care and Learning
- Indoor space used for child care
Children in home care need an environment that is well lit, in good repair, and conducive to children’s exploration and independence. The indoor space should foster children’s initiative, active use of materials, and sustained engagement with other children, adults and activities. - Furniture for routine care, play, and learning
Children need appropriate furnishings to meet the demands of their daily routines and activities. Basic furniture such as cots, tables and chairs should support learning, playing and routine activities. Furnishings should be sturdy, suitable to children’s sizes, promote self-help and allow for accessible storage of children’s belongings. - Provisions for relaxation and comfort
Children need space and opportunity to relax and rest. Soft furniture and toys allow children the opportunity for relaxation and comfort daily. Areas of softness provide a space for quiet activities to occur and should be protected from active play so children can snuggle, daydream and lounge. - Arrangement of indoor space for child care
A safe and healthy environment should be created that ensures safety, is healthy, and conducive to children’s exploration and independence. The space should allow caregivers to provide attentive supervision. Play spaces should be well organized and promote a variety of activities. Children should be able to move freely without many restrictions so that their play is non-confining and interactive. - Display for children
Children should have their work displayed and valued. Artwork or other individual work that is created by the children should be displayed at comfortable eye-level. Talking with children about the display allows children to revisit projects or concepts, giving them opportunities to revise and expand their ideas. - Space for privacy
Often children experience stress when exposed to prolonged group settings. Easily supervised places where children can escape from the pressures of group care promote positive self-esteem. Providing a child with opportunities, space, and time to be alone can contribute to positive classroom behavior. - Greeting/departing
Parents and children need a warm, welcoming, and pleasant atmosphere to make the daily greeting and departing routine a happy one. It is important that parents see and experience the environment in which children spend their day. Positive greetings help to promote the children's self-esteem and create a welcoming environment for parents. Caregivers should be sensitive to separation anxiety by parents and children alike. Caregivers should request information from parents upon arrival and freely share information about the children’s routines and activities while they are in their care. - Nap/rest
Nap and/or rest time should be appropriately scheduled and supervised for the children in the group. Each child should have his/her own personal place to rest. They should be helped to understand the importance of rest in promoting physical and emotional health. Caregivers should stay alert to handle potential problems. - Meals/snacks
Meals and snacks that follow USDA guidelines contribute to the health of children and provide a model of good nutritional habits for life-long practice. Proper hand washing along with careful preparation of food teaches children proper hygiene and promotes sanitary conditions. Holding young children during bottle-feeding promotes nurturing relationships. Mealtimes provide an excellent opportunity for conversation and social interaction. - Diapering/toileting
Young children need appropriate supervision of the toileting process in order to care for basic needs and to teach the importance of good health habits. Caregivers should maintain sanitary practices to prevent the spread of germs. Toileting practices promote self-help skills and provide an opportunity for one-on-one interactions. The schedule for toileting should meet each child’s needs. - Health practices
Practicing preventive measures, such as washing hands after handling pets or wiping noses, helps children develop life-long healthy practices. Taking appropriate action when children are sick will minimize the spread of germs. - Safety practices
Protecting children through adequate supervision and minimizing hazards is critical for quality care. Caregivers should anticipate potential safety problems and model safe practices. When children feel safe, they can focus on learning and appropriate experiences. - Helping children understand language
All children, regardless of age, benefit from extensive exposure to meaningful language. Children’s early language experiences influence all areas of development. Language is best understood when modeled by caregivers who are attentive and talk to children in a warm, supportive manner with simple, exact words. - Helping children use language
Children use verbal and nonverbal language to communicate their needs. As children develop, their language becomes more distinguishable as words and phrases. When adults show interest in what the child is trying to communicate, children learn their words have meaning and are valued. Adults scaffold children’s language learning when they respond quickly, describe actions, introduce new words and ask questions. - Using books
The use of books is an important means of language development. Sufficient numbers of books should be accessible for both independent and group use. Experiences with books encourage continued interest in literacy. Book times should be engaging and interactive so that children eagerly anticipate reading. Literacy is further encouraged when books are kept in good repair, thus sending the message that books are a valued resource. Children should be allowed to choose from a wide variety of age-appropriate books. - Fine motor
Children need a variety of developmentally-appropriate materials that promote small motor development. Materials should be accessible, in good repair, organized for play and support a variety of skill levels. Activities using these materials provide the foundation for school readiness skills such as handwriting and other small muscle tasks. - Art
Children benefit from appropriate art activities that are open-ended and process oriented. Children's art should be respected and appreciated as individual creative expression. Materials should be accessible as children are developmentally ready. - Music and movement
Children need access to a variety of music and movement materials that encourage self-expression. Children’s language needs are better met when recorded music is used for a specific purpose at limited times. Music opportunities promote cultural exposure and math concepts. - Blocks
Block play, with a variety of blocks and accessories, allows children the opportunity to explore spatial, mathematical, and role-play possibilities. Block play requires sufficient space in a protected area and time to expand on concepts and ideas. - Dramatic play
Dramatic play gives children the opportunity to discover an array of roles and responsibilities. It provides a vehicle through which they make sense of their world. Dramatic play is enhanced by space, time, props, materials, and supportive teachers. - Math
Math skills, when introduced through appropriate hands-on methods, form a foundation for school readiness and later academic success. Math skills can be taught effectively through routines, schedule, and play activities. A variety of materials that enhance math skills should be organized, in good repair and be freely accessible to children. - Nature/science
Science and nature activities and materials foster curiosity. When children have opportunities to experience the natural world, they learn respect and responsibility for the environment and living things. A variety of accessible science and nature materials promote observation skills and experimentation. - Sand and water play
Sand and water play gives children the opportunity for active exploration with sensory materials. The addition of interesting props extends the learning potential. Solitary sensory play can have a calming effect while small groups experience cooperative learning. Math and science concepts can be enhanced through sensory play. - Promoting acceptance of diversity
Children benefit from exposure to the diversity of people and cultures in positive ways through books, pictures, dolls and materials. Activities and classroom interactions are valuable resources as well. This exposure encourages respect and appreciation for others. - Use of TV, video, and/or computer
TV/video viewing and computer use tend to be passive in comparison to active involvement with materials and people. The use of each should be confined to subject material that is age-appropriate and related to curriculum content. Time limits encourage more active learning. Participation should not be required. - Active physical play
Children, including infants, need daily opportunities to exercise and practice gross motor skills. Opportunities for active play should be available both indoors and outdoors. All play equipment should be safe and effective monitoring should be implemented to teach children appropriate play behavior and to safeguard against accidents. - Supervision of play and learning
During activities, caregivers must balance the level of supervision and control based upon the ages, abilities, and individual needs of the children. Adequate supervision and awareness of the whole group is required to ensure children's health and safety. Caregivers should provide materials that stimulate interests of the children. Caregivers should intentionally engage with children at play. - Provider-child interaction
Nurturing and responsive caregivers promote the development of respect between children and adults. Children who trust adults to provide for their physical, psychological, and emotional needs develop a sense of self-worth. - Discipline
When rules are simple, consistent and fit the developmental levels of children this helps to foster a positive atmosphere. Environments rich in materials with ample time to play impact how children behave in child care. Guiding children rather than confining for long periods of time is conducive to a well-rounded home. Children learn to get along with their peers and can often resolve issues independently. - Interactions among children
Self-regulation and positive relationships are essential life skills. Caregivers should encourage children to develop pro-social behaviors by creating an environment that encourages empathy and respect. Modeling good social skills, providing opportunities for children to work and play together and to participate in group activities are ways caregivers can promote positive social relationships. - Schedule
Children learn best in an environment where they know what to expect. A consistent schedule that offers ample time for indoor and outdoor play, smooth transitions between activities and a balance of child-initiated and teacher-directed activities promotes optimal learning. While children should experience a consistent routine, some flexibility is needed to allow for individual needs. - Free play
When children are permitted to select materials and companions, and manage play independently, they learn to make effective choices. When given opportunities to explore, children can follow their interests and work on skills they need to develop. Caregiver involvement should be purposeful and responsive to children's needs. - Group time
Group times need to focus on recognizing and meeting individual needs and guiding children as they interact in small groups. Whole group activities should be kept to a minimum and limited to gatherings that follow the interests and involvement of the children. - Provisions for children with disabilities
Caregivers able to serve children with special needs should make adjustments in space, schedule, and furnishings as needed. The child must be able to independently use the space and participate in activities. Meeting the needs of children with disabilities requires knowledge of routine care needs, developmental levels, individual assessments, and the integration of the children in ongoing activities. It also requires the involvement and establishment of a partnership between the parents and caregiver in setting attainable goals that will assist the child in reaching his/her full potential.
Personal Care Routines
Listening and Talking
Activities
Interaction
Program Structure
Produced by the UT College of Social Work Office of Research & Public Service under contract to the Tennessee Department of Human Services for the Tennessee Child Care Report Card and Star-Quality Program. The subscale and item names, from the Family Child Care Environment Rating Scale—Revised Edition by Thelma Harms, Debby Cryer & Richard M. Clifford, are copyright protected and used by permission. (New York: Teachers College Press, 2007 by Thelma Harms, Debby Cryer & Richard M. Clifford). The DAP statements were written by the Tennessee Assessment Program Anchors and Team Members. Updated 2-16-10